Abstruct |
In Pineapple Culture: A History of the Tropical and Temperate Zones (2009), the historian and ethnic studies scholar Gary Okihiro recounts the concerns indigenous Hawaiians had about foreigners acquiring land titles: “We have heard of this sale of land to foreigners. There is aroused within us love and reluctance to lose the land, with love for the chiefs, and the children, and everything upon the land. We believe we will soon end as homeless people.” Okihiro then notes that “Naturalized foreigners, they warned, would claim the status of ‘true Hawaiians’ and evict the native peoples from their land.” Indeed, the emergence of what I call biological nativism turned on the erasure of the American empire, the erection of biotic borders, and the regulation of plant, insect, and human immigrants. With its unique geographical position in the Pacific Ocean and a gateway between the United Sates and Asia, Hawaii serves as a central arena to consider the mechanism of racial formations (not only across the Pacific but throughout the United States) since it has historically served as a laboratory to understand diseases such as leprosy and native ecologies. |