ニュース


Abstract:
How “Orang Awam” Should Be Educated: Strategy of a Kiyai in the 19th Century Java.
Yumi SUGAHARA

　In the existing literature on Indonesian Islamic history, too much emphasis has been placed on the Islamic reformative movements such as Muhammadiyah. Some books have described the history of nineteenth-century Islam as “the dark times before the awakening” in contrast to “the awakening” placed squarely in the twentieth century. Consequently, the history of a new wave of Islamization which swept the country since the mid-nineteenth century has not been adequately investigated. Its effects over Javanese local society have certainly been neglected.
　This paper attempts to describe what goals a Javanese kyai (Islamic leader) aimed at as an ideal society and how he approached the society in the latter half of the 19th century through analyzing one kitab (Islamic textbook). The title is Majmu'at al-Shari'at al-Kafiyat li al-'Awam (Collection of Islamic Laws on Duties of the Populace).This book was first published in 1892 in Singapore and continued to be printed in the north coast towns such as Cirebon and Semarang in the 20th century. Theauthor is Muhammad Salih ibn ‘Umar al-Samarani (1820?-1903), better known as Soleh Darat of Semarang. He was a famous religious leader of his time in central north coastal Java and famous as an author of kitabs written in Javanese with Arabic scripts (pegon). He wrote many kitabs intended for ordinary audience (wong awam) for broadening Islamic knowledge among the society. Through analyzing this kitab we could examine the religious conditions in the Javanese society seen from the viewpoint of a kyai　and his strategy of attracting ordinary people.